Candle and method of making same



NOV. 28, 1933- H, 001- CANDLE AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME Filed April 22,1932 2 Sheets-Sheet. l

m m m A TTORNE Y3 Nov. 28, 1933. H, H, R001- 1,937,393

CANDLE AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME Filed April 22. 1932 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 lp v m J A TTORNE Y6 Patented Nov. 28, 3 W

UNITED STATES CANDLE AND METHOD or MAKING SAME Huber H. Root, Medina,Ohio, assignor to A. I.

Root Company, Medina, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio .Application April22,1932. Serial Nmcoasov' 12 Claims. (crow-22) This invention relates tocandles and a methodof making the same, and is a continuation in part ofmy copending application Ser. No. 459,867, filed June 9, 1930. I Y.

One of the principal objects of this invention is .to provide a candleof considerable bulk but light weight, requiring a very smallamount offuel material.

Another object isto provide a candle which will stand erect. under veryhigh degrees of tem- Another object is to provide a candle, theconfiguration of the outer surface of which is such asto reflect lightdirected thereon from any angle to produce a scintillating effect. .1Another object is to provide decorative candles havinghalf-tone colorsof regularly variegated intensities over the entire color areas. -Otherimportant features of the present invention reside in themanner in whichthe coloring of the candles is effected and in the economical manner inwhich the candles mayibemanufactured. I J

Other objects and advantages .willibecome apparent; from the drawings,wherein Fig. 1 is an elevation showing one form of candle embodying theprinciplesof this'invention; Figs. 2 and 3 are diagrammaticillustrations of successive steps in one method of forming the candleillustrated in Fig. 1; Figs. 4 and 4a are detail views of the preferredform of sheet wax material used to make the candle shown in Fig.- 1;Fig. 5 is a transverse sectional viewthrough' the candle as indicated byline 55 on.Fig'.-"l; Fig. 6 is an elevation of a candle similar to Fig.1,- but embodying other principles, particularly of blank for formingcandlesaccording to Fig.5; Figs. 8 and 9 arediagrams showing two verysimilar methods of forming the candle according. to Fig. 6, particularlyin order to obtain dis-j tinctive decorative effects; Fig. 10 isadetailcross sectional view of the exterior portion of the candle bodymade up according to 9;- Figs. 11

and 12 are diagrammatic illustrations of astill vfurther modified.method of forming candles;

Fig. 13 is an elevation, partly in section, of a shown Fig. 15.

candle showing "a further modification of the invention; Fig. 14 is adiagram showing the man'- ner in which the candle-according to Fig. 13may' be manufactured; Fig. 15 is a sectionalview of still anothermodification of decorated candle,

and Figs.'16 and 17 are diagrammatic illustrations of steps in themanufacture of the form" Referring to Fig. 1, the candle may comprise aWick 1 about which is spirally wrapped a fuel b0dy'2. The fuel body 2may be formed of a wax sheet 3, preferably wax extruded from a suitablewax sheeting machine to condense thegrain-of the wax, which sheet isafterward further worked as byrolling. In order that the candle may becomparatively light and formed from "a small amount of material and yethave the appearance of considerable bulk, it is'preferable to use wax intheform o'f honeycomb foundation, such as described in" my copendingapplication. Such material comprises sheets of Wax corrugated in aplurality of directions by rolling them under" heavy pressure dies, thecorrugations being evenly. disposed angularly with respect to eachother" 7 soas to form the sheet-intdevenly distributed contiguousalternately downwardlyand upwardly disposed triangular pyramids, asindicated at 4 in Fig. 4. Thus each face of an upwardlyextending pyramidhas a common base with an adjacent face of the contiguous downwardly ex-,1

The wax is preferably fully refined before working and rolling in orderthat the finished sheets will be of uniform translucence.

By corrugating the sheets as described, the overall thickness takennormal to the plane of" the sheet is greatly increased and the greatestincrease possible for a given amount of wax material is effected byusing the particular corrugations described.- Consequently,'when thesheet is wrapped about a wick to form a candle or about the outersurface of a solid candle, it will give the appearance of far greaterbulk for a given amount of material than is otherwise ob tainable.

form of rectangles of substantially the proportions illustrated in Fig.2. In order to utilize the rectangular sheets for candles of suitableproportions for home use, corner portions, indicated at 5, may besevered from the sheet along a diagonal line indicated at 6. Thissevered section 5 is turned, as indicated by the arrow, and

placed with one margin in juxtaposition with the margin of the originalsheet, as indicated by the dot-dash line 5x, the edges formed by thecutting operation being aligned With each other so as to form a roughlytriangular or right trapezoidal sheet of decreasing width away from thebase. The wick l is then disposed'along one of the shorter edges of thetriangular sheet, say as illustrated in Fig. 3, and the sheet is wrappedabout the wick'by rolling in a' direction normal to the wick, thusforming a spirally laminated fuel body tapering towardone end, thehypotenuse of the sheet defining a helix coaxial with the wick. e

In many cases, it is desirable, for decorative purposes, to have acolored helical stripe on the outer surface of the candle' and byforminga candle in this manner, the striping can be effected by dipping thelong edge or hypotenuse of the triangular sheet thus formed intosuitable color material before rolling, say wax of the desired color,so. as to color the margin, as in-' dicated at 8 in Fig, 3. The candlethus formed tapers upwardly from the base, the thickness being decreasedhelically by successive layers. The appearance of a comparatively suddenbreak in thickness along the helically disposed edge or closure seam ofthe wrapped sheet is rendered practically unnoticeable due to the effectof the colored stripes. Ita subdued stripe only is required, one sideonly of the sheet receives the coloring matter indicated at 8, and thisis disposed, inwardly so that one thickness of the wrapped translucentsheet, disposed outwardly of the candle therefrom lies over the coloringmatter. BY forming the candle from the wax above described, alternateinwardly and out wardly embossed trangular pyramids are regularly andevenly disposed over the outer surface of thecandle, and produceascintillant eiiect,

dueto the fact that the roundness of the candle andthe angularlydisposed surfaces will reflect light striking the candle from almostanydirection, and further because the facets of the rolled and corrugatedmaterial have a light gloss finish imparted thereto during the embossingopera tion. 1

The interior bodyof the'candle is'highly cellular, as best illustratedingFig. 5,.pockets being formed between the embossed figures 4 of.thedifferent layers of sheet wax 3 which assist in the operation of burningthe candle, as set forth in my copending application above identified.

Since the bottom end or base portion of the candle also incorporates theembossed extruded sheet wax (as anexample of cellular fuel body renderedpliable at normal room temperatures),

nospecial base shape, such as the usual base taper, has to be providedbecause the user may very easily squeezeor pre-form the base between thethumb and fingers of one hand to provide any'desired base shape or todecrease or increase the base diameter as required. Such preforming' orsqueeze-fitting does not crack the wax because of the strengtheningeilects of working the wax, particularly extruding the wax in sheetform.

,Referring npw to Fig.6, a candle similar to that described in Fig. 1,except that it is decorated with veiled half-tone colors of regularlyvariegated intensities over large areas. This candle may be formed fromsheets such as above described or a single sheet, as illustrated in Fig.'7, may be out along a diagonal line 10, slightly offset from thecorners to form two substantially triangular sheets, so that one sheetprovides just enough material for two candles. Further, if desired twotapered candles may be formed in one operation, as suggested in Figs. 11and 12, rolling the sheet around the wick starting with the wickdisposed along the longest side of the generally triangular sheet 3a,namely the base asshown. Thereupon the resulting body which taperstoward both ends may be severed say at the line a: Fig. 12, to providetwo candles.

"One manner of obtaining the veiled half tone material and is rolled ina direction (see arrow) such as to. dispose the colored surface 12outwardly from the wick, the uncolored transluent margin 14 of the sheetbeing of sufficient widthto completely surround and form the outers'ur-' face'of the body of the candle. The color layer 12 may be of anycolor intensity. and any design desired and may extend all around orpartially around the candle, depending upon the effects desired. Using avery brightly colored band as at 12 results in half-tone variegatedcolor effects, principally through the agency of the regularlydistributed pyramids, that is unusually pleasing, subdued and uniform.

Another manner of accomplishing substantially this same result isindicated in' Figs 9 and 10 wherein the margin 14" of the sh'eetll iscolored on one side and the sheet rolled around the wick in a directionopposite to that in Fig. 8, (see arrow Fig. 9) so as to dispose thecolored material directly on the inner face of the outer layer of wax.The translucent wax materialfis thereby disposed on the outer surface ofthe body over the colored matter, producing the ha1f-tone eiiect. Byusing'the embossed or corrugated translucent a half-tone color ofregularly variegated intensity or hue is produced by either procedure,as well as a scintillant surface, any blotches or irregularities in thecoloring material being diffused by the translucent superimposed layer.

In theusual manufacture of candles; the wax of which. the body is formedis colored throughout or the candle is formed andthen dipped into acolor wax toprovide the decorative eilect desired. Great difficulty hasbeen encountered in obtaining an-even distribution of the color'over thesurface of the candle by these methods.

With the present method, howevensince the coloring matter is disposedbeneath the layer of translucent wax and preferably beneath the ers orsheets are verycarelessly applied-or colored. A somewhat similareirect'can'be obtained by treating the usual colored candles by themethod indicated by Figs. 13 and 14. In-the preferred practice'of thismethod, the

formed according to the above methods.

usualsolid candle18, say of a bright coloror the desired color, iswrapped with a sheet of translucent wax 19, preferably embossedorcoroutwardly, if only-one surface of the sheet 19 is embossed. Eithera generally rectangular sheet, entirely enveloping the candle, Fig 14,or. a spiral sheet similar. to that above described,

Fig.3 e. g., may be used and the effect produced will be somewhatsimilar to that of candles The decorative effects are especiallypleasing if the sheet material is of the pattern illustrated andembossed on both sides. 1

The finished candle 20 thus formed is strengthened and will withstandsomewhat higher temperatures without bending or warping than will anordinary candle, even though of the same diameter as the candle 20, dueto the fact that the surrounding ,coat' of wax, which may either becorrugated as described or embossed, provides a large number of heatinsulating air pockets between the candle body and the outside air. Theeffect of these heat insulating pockets is to cause very pronounced lagin the transmission of heat from the outside to the interior of thecandle body as result under all practical room temperatures or excessiveroom temperatures maintained for reasonable periods. The interior of thebody remains sufiiciently cool to resist bending or warping. Inaddition, the candle 20 has considerably more volume of wax for givenoutside dimensions than have the candles formed entirely of sheet waxentirely or partly embossed.

Referring to Figs. 15 to 1'7 inclusive, a fair result can be obtained bydipping a solid candle candle 23 thus formed, however, is not assatisfactory as that previously described, due to the fact that no airpockets are provided between the outer shell and main body of thecandle, nor is a reinforcing casing of heavy compacted fuel materialprovided. The outer surface will produce fair scintillant effects, butsome of the tones are missing due to the absence of the air pockets,that is, 'due to the fact that the main color body is in direct uniformcontact with the inner surface of the translucent cover.

It is apparent from the foregoing description that-candles formed withthe embossed sheet wax will have a much more bulky appearance for agiven amount-of wax than could be obtained by other methods; in fact,the ratio of the average weight of the candle in ounces for an inchlength to the average diameter of the candle in inches is between thelimits 10/ 100 and 20/100. For example, a tapered candle such asillustrated in Fig. l which is 14% long, weighs 1.5 02., the diameter atthe base being 0.9" and the diameter at the op being 0.25. Consequently,the average weight in ounces for an inch length of the candle is1.5/14.5 and the average diameter is 1.15/2. Consequently, the ratio ofthe average weight per inch length to the average diameter equals1.5/14.5, di-

vided by 1.15/2, the average diameter, equals approximately 18/100. Theratio 'of the length in inches to the weight in ounces to the averagedibetweenthe main body and the outer surface,

which protect, and insulate the main bodygfromoutside temperatures.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

. 1. A ,candle, comprising a fuel body, a wick incorporatedin the body,the outer surface of said body being embossed to present a multiplicity;of

small plane surfaces each angularly disposed with. respect to thesmallzplane surfaces adjacent there-,- to and distributed uniformly overthe outersur face for reflecting light therefromin different directionswhereby the candle appears to radiate light from spaced points on thesurface thereof.

2. A candle, comprising a wick, a fuel body incorporating the wick, saidbody comprising a sheet of decreasing width from one edge toward theopposite edge, said sheet being wrapped around the wick with the firstmentioned edge disposed substantially normal to the wick whereby atapering fuel body is formed.

3. A decorated candle, comprising a wick, a fuel body incorporating thewick and having a colored surface, a sheet of translucent wax embossedand indented both interiorly and exteriorly with a uniform pattern, saidsheet enveloping said body and forming the outer surface of the candlefor diffusing said color.

4. A candle, comprising a wick, a colored body, a layer of translucentwax covering the exterior of the body, said translucent layer beingembossed with a small regular pattern for diffusing the color inregularly variegated intensities.

5. A candle, comprising a wick, a fuel body incorporating the wick, saidbody comprising a sheet of decreasing width from one end, said sheetbeing wrapped around the wick to form a candle of spirally-decreaseddiameter from the base to the top, the outwardly disposed layer of saidsheet being embossed with a regular and uniform light diffusing pattern.

6. Acandle, comprising a fuel body, a wick incorporated in the body, asheet of wax forming the outer layer of said body, said sheet beingembossed to form uniform evenly distributed triangular pyramids, thecontiguous pyramids being alternately oppositely disposed with respectto each other and the adjacent sides. of the oppositely disposedcontiguous pyramids lying in a common plane.

'7. A method of making candles, which comprises forming the fuelmaterial into a translucent sheet, coloring a portion of the sheet inspaced relation to one edge and wrapping the sheet around the wick toform the candle body and to dispose the colored portion beneath anuncolored outer layer of the sheet.

8. A method of forming decorative candles, which consists of formingsheets of fuel material into substantially trapezoidal outline, coloringthe margin of the sheet along a sloping side and rolling the sheet abouta wick in the direction parallel to the base to dispose the sloping sideon the outer surface of the candle, whereby a helicalcolored inalignment with each-other, and wrapping theendsand cutting the-materialapart intermediatethe ends and normal to the wick whereby two taperedcandles are formed.

7 12; A candle having a-fuel-body including a base portion of-cellularfuel material of sufli'cient pliabilityat normal room temperatures to beworked or compressed by pressure of the humanfin'gers and therebypre-forlned to fit various shapes and sizes-of holding receptacles.

HUBER H. ROOT.

